Foto: Lieuwe Dijksen (Birds in Tigray)
Behalve een toename aan waarnemingen in
Europa, is er aan de andere kant van de wereld ook het een en ander aan
de hand met deze vogel. Het Handbook of Birds of the World Vol 1 1992 noemt
onderstaande populaties niet:
Verder bestaat het vermoeden dat wanneer over Sacred Ibis (Threskiornis
aetiopica) gesproken wordt; soms (misschien) de Australian Ibis Threskiornis
molucca (Cuvier 1829). (Zie Australië) bedoeld wordt; het is me
in ieder geval niet altijd duidelijk.
Australië en (Nieuw Guinea & Solomon Eilanden):
Sacred Ibis Threskiornis aethiopica:
Also called the White Ibis, this common species is found over much of northern and eastern Australia from the Kimberley to the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia; it also occurs in the far south-west but not in Tasmania. Elsewhere it occurs from Africa across southern Asia to New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. It is strongly nomadic.
There has recently been marked expansion in range and numbers, especially in coastal regions of the south-east; it was virtually unknown in the vicinity of Sydney before 1950 but it is now abundant in the city.
Strongly gregarious, it usually occurs in small groups to flocks of hundreds. It forages for insects, fishes, crustaceans and molluscs in swamps or on the margins or streams and lakes which adjoin grasslands, but it is also a frequent scavenger at many garbage tips, fowlyards, pigpens and city parks. It is often associated with the Straw-necked Ibis.
Though strongly influenced by local conditions, breeding usually occurs between February and May in the tropical north and between August and November in the south-east.
It breeds in very large, dense colonies, often in the company with other waterbirds; colonies may nest in mangrove or lignum swamps, or on the ground in reed beds. Sometimes two broods are raised in succession. The usual clutch is two to four eggs, which hatch in 20 - 25 days.
Also moving in fairly recently are the Sacred Ibis, a native water bird, not usually a city dweller. In the 1970s about six pairs were released from the Zoo across the harbour where they remained to breed as free-flying birds. Apparently some of their descendants moved over to the Botanic Gardens to join the feral pigeons and seagulls. In their natural habitat these birds are very wary, but those in the Gardens have become tame enough to accept food from the hand of a picnicker. Their beaks do appear to have been designed to forage in garbage bins.
Our plane touched down in Sydney straight after dawn. When the plane neared Sydney airport, we got an incredible view of Sydney's harbour and its skyline. In Hyde Park, which was on the way from our hotel to the harbour, we saw ibises, which are as common in Australia as are sparrows in Germany..........
Onderstaand bericht afkomstig van http://swan.zo.ntu.edu.tw/eissue/eissue6-1.htm
During this year’s migratory bird season, several sightings of the sacred ibis, (Threskiornis aethiopicus) were recorded in north and south Taiwan. Even though the sacred ibis is not a resident bird of Taiwan, records from recent years show that the number of sacred ibis is increasing. From this it can be determined that the sacred ibis is acclimatizing to Taiwan and is breeding successfully.
According to the Chinese Wild Bird Federation, the sacred ibis populates
the south Sahara in Africa, the northern part of the Republic of Yemen
and southern Iraq. The bird is found in marshland and beside lakes. It
forms flocks. Several years ago, the bird was introduced into private zoos
in Taiwan. Some of the birds managed to escape from their zoo cages because
their wings had not been clipped after breeding. Originally it was believed
that this tiny handful of escaped sacred ibis would be unable to breed.
However, from the appearance of one or two at first to the more than
20 that can be seen today, it is evident that the sacred ibis has acclimatized
to Taiwan and is breeding of its own accord. Scholars estimate that there
may be over 200 sacred ibis around Taiwan. (Feb. 22, 1998)
Onderstaand bericht afkomstig van de Chinese Wild Bird Federation: http://www.bird.org.tw/English/Research/eexotics.html
Investigations on Exotic Bird Species:
Most recently the selling of native birds has been restricted with the passage of the Wild Animal Conservation Law, so now birds imported from the Chinese mainland and Southeast Asia are becoming more important problems. Although hunting pressure on the native birds has decreased slowly, there is now the additional influence of escaped species on natural ecosystems. In recent years, the Sacred IbisThreskiornis aethiopica can be found roaming freely in the northern areas, slowly becoming accustomed to the wild habitat here, and all kinds of tropical parrots exist in the cities and outlying areas, eating the bark and fruits of trees. Among these exotic species, there are many protected species. Therefore, our plan is to investigate the exotic species currently existing in the wild throughout Taiwan, so as to better understand if they are having an influence on the environment or are a threat to native bird species.
From July 1994 to January 1999 , we have received 1,142 reports of exotic species, and preliminary analysis has determined that there are 69 exotic species, representing 8,833 sightings in 69 locations in the wild. Among these, there are more species of parrots with 15, second are the starlings with 9 species. Included in these reports are observations of Jungle Myna Acridotheres fuscus, Common Myna Acridotheres tristis, White-vented Myna Acridotheres javanicus, Red Lory Eos bornea, Goffin's Cockatoo Cacatua goffini, Chestnut Mannikin Lonchura malacca and Sacred Ibis Threskiornis aethiopica building nests and raising young in the wild. Among these, the four parrot species chew on tree bark, and thus can cause damage to trees planted along roads.
Onderstaande teksten afkomstig uit de United Arab Emirates; binnengekomen via EBN (EuroBirdNet); een opmerkelijke toename van het aantal waarnemingen en aantal individuen in enkele jaren tijd:Twitchers' Guide for the United Arab Emirates for the week ending 30th november 2000:
Also on the 24th, the Wimpey pits had 13 black-necked grebe, a sacred ibis which circled but didn't land (over the wall from somewhere, no doubt)......Twitchers' Guide for the United Arab Emirates for the week ending February 23rd 2001:On 19th February, 2 marsh harriers, a grey heron, a sacred ibis (from the feral population at the Zoo, no doubt),.....Twitchers’ Guide for the United Arab Emirates for the week ending 8th November 2002:At the Wimpey Pits; On 8th November, ..... 2 sacred ibis, ....Twitchers’ Guide for the United Arab Emirates for the week ending 6th December 2002.On 3rd December, a presumed escape sacred ibis have also turned up in Dubai at the Emirates golf course.Twitchers’ Guide for the United Arab Emirates for the week ending 7th March 2003A visit to the Emirates Golf Course at Jebel Ali on 2nd March,.... the escapee sacred ibis.........Twitchers’ Guide for the United Arab Emirates for the week ending 14th March 2003Lots to report this week, with ...... and sacred ibis all over the place in Dubai – some of genuinely wild origin, perhaps?Twitchers’ Guide for the United Arab Emirates for the week ending 18th April 2003
- On 3rd/4th March, there was an obvious fall of migrants with a sacred ibis at Emirates Hills.
- On 9th March, at the Wimpey Pits 5 sacred ibis; while 4 sacred ibis were at Khor Dubai.
- On 10th March, an examination of the Emirates Golf Course found a sacred ibis.
On 17th April, a sacred ibis were at the Emirates Golf CourseTwitchers’ Guide for the United Arab Emirates for the week ending 25th April 2003On 21st and 23st April, a visit to the Emirates Golf Course found the sacred ibis......Twitchers’ Guide for the United Arab Emirates for the week ending 4th october 2003On 29th September, ...., a sacred ibis, .... at the Wimpey Pits.Twitchers’ Guide for the United Arab Emirates for the week ending 7th november 2003
On 3rd October, at Khor Dubai were .... 2 sacred ibis, ....In Khor Dubai, also on 6th November, .... and a sacred ibis.Twitchers’ Guide for the United Arab Emirates for the week ending 23rd January 2004On 19th January, a visit to Khor Dubai found ................ and a sacred ibis.
Biodiversity risk assessment
Sacred Ibis (Threskiornis aethiopicus)
Biodiversity risk: Low Small non-native population established inUnited
Arab Emirates (Richardson & Aspinall 1998).
In the UAE, free-flying collections are kept in Al Ain Zoo and Sir
Bani Yas Island, where the species sometimes nests ferally (Richardson
and Aspinall 1998). The species is recorded singly or in flocks elsewhere,
though the absence of recent records from the UAE birders’ newsletter indicates
that they are not numerous outside these few locations (D.A. Scott pers.
comm.). Negative impacts on biodiversity have not been recorded and the
species seems unlikely to become numerous outside its natural range. However,
if large populations become established it may become a problem through,
perhaps, competition for tree nest sites with colonial nesting birds such
as herons
BTO Research Report No. 229 (feb 2000) Review of the Status of Introduced Non-Native Waterbird Species in the Agreement Area of the African-Eurasian Waterbird Agreement
Research Contract CR0219:United Arab Emirates
Up to 10 pairs from a total of some 70 birds bred in at least two locations, Al Ain and Sir Bani Yas Island wetlands (Ain Al Fayda) between 1976 and 1991. Initially, the birds had roosted only around a private zoo and had fed at artificially-created shallow ponds. Subsequently, the population increased but slowly. Some birds may have arrived from the drained Iraqi marshes. The species present status is unknown.
Red Sea Coast: Nukhaylah to Wadi Nakhlah:Location: 1438'N, 4258'E to 1353'N, 4313'E: Threskiornis aethiopicus is a scarce winter visitor; 2-4 have been recorded on a number of occasions between October and March.
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